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Recruitment for Postdoctoral Fellow
(Fixed-term researcher)

  1. Physics Chemistry Mathematics Geo and Environemtal Sciences Biology Radiation
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    Department Section Location Contact Person Radiation Worker/
    Non-Radiation Worker
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    Summary
    J3Study on feasibility and effectiveness evaluation for severe accident countermeasures
    Nuclear Safety Research CenterSevere Accident Analysis Research GroupTokai Research and Development Center
    Nuclear Science Research Institute
    Tomoyuki Sugiyama
    Tel:+81-29-282-5253
    E-mail: sugiyama.tomoyuki@jaea.go.jp
    Non-Radiation WorkerPhysics
    Chemistry
    Mechanics
    Material
    Applied Physics
    Computer and Information
    Other
    This research aims at development of analysis models and tools to improve evaluation techniques of severe accident countermeasures. One of the following tasks or that related to the tasks is carried out.
    - Source term analysis of Fukushima daiichi NPS accident using the SA analysis code THALES2/KICHE.
    - Analysis of fluid dynamic behaviors of core melt in containment vessel using the mechanistic FCI code JASMINE.
    - Analysis of thermal-hydraulic and deflagration/detonation behaviors of hydrogen in containment vessel or reactor building using the open CFD code OpenFOAM.
    J8Experimental Research on Safety Assessment of Storage and Disposal of Radioactive Waste
    Nuclear Safety Research CenterWaste Safety Research GroupTokai Research and Development Center
    Nuclear Science Research Institute
    Tetsuji Yamaguchi
    Tel:+81-29-282-6001
    E-mail: yamaguchi.tetsuji@jaea.go.jp
    Radiation WorkerChemistry
    Geo and Environemtal Sciences
    Material
    Chemical Engineering
    Safety assessments of storage and disposal of radioactive wastes require quantitative analysis of long-term alteration of barrier materials used in storage and disposal systems. This study investigates long-term alteration behavior such as corrosion, dissolution and alteration of glass, metals, clays, concretes and polyethlene focusing on primary factors such as adjacent barrier materials, groundwater composition, geology, colloids, microbes and radiolysis. The goal is to obtain scientific basis for models evaluating changes in the barrier functions and for systematical establishment of datasets.
    J9Study on analytical techniques for individual particles containing nuclear materials in environmentl samples
    Nuclear Safety Research CenterResearch Group for Safeguards Analytical ChemistyTokai Research and Development Center
    Nuclear Science Research Institute
    Fumitaka Esaka
    Tel:+81-29-282-6165
    E-mail: esaka.fumitaka@jaea.go.jp
    Radiation WorkerChemistry
    Physics
    Analysis of trace amounts of nuclear materials in environmental samples taken at nuclear facilities in the world is performed to reveal nuclear activities, which is important for nuclear non-proliferation. In this study, analytical techniques for such samples are developed. For example, in order to clarify elemental composition, chemical states and isotopic composition, individual micron-sized particles containing uranium and/or plutonium are measured by using scanning electron microscopy, total-reflection X-ray analysis, micro-Raman spectroscopy and secondary ion mass spectrometry.
    J10Study on a Level 3 Probabilistic Risk Analysis of nuclear power plants
    Nuclear Safety Research CenterRadiation Risk Analysis Research GroupTokai Research and Development Center
    Nuclear Science Research Institute
    Masanori Kimura
    Tel:+81-29-282-5459
    E-mail: kimura.masanori@jaea.go.jp
    Non-Radiation WorkerPhysics
    Chemistry
    Mathematics
    Geo and Environemtal Sciences
    Radiation
    Architectural and Civil Engineering
    Computer and Information
    A level 3 probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) is an offsite consequence analysis for a severe accident and estimates the frequency and severity of the consequences to the public. Probabilistic accident consequence assessment models and computer codes are an integral part of level 3 PRA of nuclear power plants. Our research group has developed a level 3 PRA code, OSCAAR. In this theme, researches on the probabilistic accident consequence assessment for health effects and economic consequence are conducted considering site-dependent on metrological, population, agricultural and economic data by using OSCAAR.
    J11Study on release and transport behavior of radioactive materials in reprocessing plant under severe accident conditions
    Nuclear Safety Research CenterFuel Cycle Safety Research GroupTokai Research and Development Center
    Nuclear Science Research Institute
    Hitoshi Abe
    Tel:+81-29-282-6672
    E-mail: abe.hitoshi@jaea.go.jp
    Non-Radiation WorkerChemistry
    Physics
    Newly defined as as severe accidents in fuel reprocessing plant are organic solvent fire in cell as well as boiling and exsiccation of highly-active liquid waste in concentrators. Therefore, establishment of method for evaluating their effect on the public dose and effectiveness of countermeasures for the accidents become an urgent issue. Purposes of this study are 1) acquiring data about release, transport and confinement of radioactive materials under the accident conditions and 2) establishing a simulation code to evaluate the accident evolution with high applicability.
    J15Chemical properties of superheavy elements
    Sector of Nuclear Science Research Advanced Science Research CenterResearch Group for Heavy Element Nuclear Science
    Tokai Research and Development Center
    Nuclear Science Research Institute
    Kazuaki Tsukada
    Tel:+81-29-282-5491
    E-mail: tsukada.kazuaki@jaea.go.jp
    Radiation WorkerChemistry
    Physics
    Measurements and Instruments
    The main objective is to understand chemical properties of superheavy elements (SHEs) placed at the uppermost end of the Periodic Table. This theme will focus on the valence electronic structure of SHEs that is experimentally evaluated from their redox potentials, ionic radii, and compound formations as well as the development of chemical analysis methods for SHEs on an "atom-at-a-time" basis. (http://asrc.jaea.go.jp/soshiki/gr/HENS-gr/nc/index-e.htm)
    J16Physics and chemistry studies for superheavy elements by using slow superheavy-element beams
    Sector of Nuclear Science Research Advanced Science Research CenterResearch Group for Heavy Element Nuclear Science
    Tokai Research and Development Center
    Nuclear Science Research Institute
    Masato Asai
    Tel:+81-29-282-5490
    E-mail: asai.masato@jaea.go.jp
    Radiation WorkerPhysics
    Chemistry
    Radiation
    Measurements and Instruments
    Nuclear physics, nuclear chemistry, and atomic and molecular physics of superheavy elements are studied through developments of new methods utilizing slow superheavy-element beams. The research subjects are as follows: developments of superheavy-element-beam production and ion-guide techniques; ionization-energy measurements; nuclear-structure and fission studies using an on-line isotope separator; nuclear mass measurements; surface adsorption and molecular formation studies for superheavy elements. These developments and experiments are mainly performed at the JAEA Tandem Accelerator Facility.
    J17Development of metal recognition reagents and high efficient chemical separation systems
    Sector of Nuclear Science Research Advanced Science Research CenterResearch Group for Interfacial Reaction-Field ChemistryTokai Research and Development Center
    Nuclear Science Research Institute
    Hirochika Naganawa
    Tel:+81-29-282-6615
    E-mail: naganawa.hirochika@jaea.go.jp
    Radiation WorkerChemistry
    Applied Chemistry
    Chemical Engineering
    The purpose of this research is to develop new chemical separation and sensing technologies having high efficiency and sensitivity for radioactive materials in environmental samples and valuable metals in industrial wastes. Specifically, separation systems for actinides, rare(minor) metals, precious metals, and heavy metals will be developed by using new extractants, adsorbents, and biomaterials that have high selectivity and binding ability for the metal ions. In this theme, fundamental and practical studies go together by applying "emulsion flow extractor" of a new-type extracting device.
    J21Materials science research by using a muon beam
    Sector of Nuclear Science Research Advanced Science Research CenterResearch Group for Nanoscale Structure and Function of Advanced MaterialsTokai Research and Development Center
    Nuclear Science Research Institute
    Wataru Higemoto
    Tel:+81-29-284-3873
    E-mail: higemoto.wataru@jaea.go.jp
    Radiation WorkerPhysics
    Chemistry
    Material
    Applied Physics
    Applied Chemistry
    Measurements and Instruments
    The applicant will be involved in materials science research by using accelerator-produced muons, which are implanted into a material and used as a sensitive local probe. In our group, the applicant will be able to use advanced muon beams, such as an ultra-slow muon beam in J-PARC, to investigate various functional materials. Instrumentation is also encouraged for the purpose.
    (http://asrc.jaea.go.jp/soshiki/gr/Nanoscale-gr/index.html)
    J22Research and development of minor actinide separation process from high level liquid waste
    Nuclear Science and Engineering CenterResearch Croup for Partitioning, Partitioning and Transmutation Technology DivisionTokai Research and Development Center
    Nuclear Science Research Institute
    Tatsuro Matsumura
    Tel:+81-29-282-6673
    E-mail: matsumura.tatsuro@jaea.go.jp
    Radiation WorkerChemistry
    Applied Chemistry
    Chemical Engineering
    In order to reduce the burden of the geological disposal of high level waste (HLW), partitioning and transmutation technology has been investigated. Since minor actinides have high radiotoxity and long half lives, the separation from HLW is very important. The subject of this theme is development of recovery and separation process of minor actinides with novel extractant from HLW for partitioning and transmutation technology. In this study, the novel extractants which has high selectivity of americium and curium from high level liquid waste will be studied and evaluated applicability for practical separation process. The experiments using minor actinides and high level liquid waste in glove boxes and hot cells will be carried out.
    J26Study on carbon cycling in terrestrial ecosystems and its interaction with environmental changes, using radioactive and stable carbon isotope analysis
    Nuclear Science and Engineering CenterResearch Group for Radiochemistry, Environment and Radiation Sciences DivisionTokai Research and Development Center
    Nuclear Science Research Institute
    Dr. Jun Koarashi
    Tel:+81-29-282-5903
    E-mail: koarashi.jun@jaea.go.jp
    Non-Radiation WorkerGeo and Environmental Sciences
    Biology
    Chemistry
    Measurements and Instruments
    There is growing concern that recent rapid changes in climate and environment could have a significant influence on carbon cycling in terrestrial ecosystems and could consequently lead to a positive feedback for global warming. However, the magnitude and timing of this effect remain highly uncertain due to a lack of quantitative understanding of the migration and storage processes of carbon in terrestrial ecosystems (especially forests) and their responses to the changes in environment. In this study, we will conduct field (with different ecosystem properties) and laboratory (under controlled environmental conditions) experiments to quantify the processes and their interactions with changes in environment, using radioactive (14C) and stable carbon isotopes as tracers for carbon cycling in terrestrial ecosystems.
    J28Research and Development of Evaluation Method for Core Degradation and Release of Radioactive Materials at LWR Accident
    Nuclear Science and Engineering CenterDevelppment Group for Thermal-Hydraulics Technology, LWR Key Technology Development DivisionTokai Research and Development Center
    Nuclear Science Research Institute
    Hiroyuki Yoshida
    Tel:+81-29-282-5275
    E-mail: yoshida.hiroyuki@jaea.go.jp
    Radiation WorkerPhysics
    Chemistry
    Material
    Mechanics
    A coupled analysis method of thermal-hydraulics and chemical reaction is developed to evaluate core degradation and release of radioactive materials in Light Water Reactor (LWR) accidents in this study. In detail, numerical methods and models simulating thermal-hydraulic behavior with chemical reactions are developed to solve melting of nuclear fuel and metals, release of radioactive materials and relocation of molten and released materials. In addition, new thermal-hydraulic and chemical reactions experiments are performed to validate developed methods and models. By developing this method, basic knowledge to understand multi-physics phenomena at LWR accidents is obtained, and numerical models for severe accident analysis codes are improved.
    J31The experimental study to elucidate the relationship between functions and dynamics of bio-macromolecules using deuterated samples
    Sector of Nuclear Science Research,
    J-PARC Center
    Neutron Science Section
    Materials and Life Science Division
    J-PARCKaoru Shibata
    Tel:+81-(0)29-284-3199
    E-mail: shibata.kaoru@jaea.go.jp
    Radiation WorkerBiology
    Chemistry
    Measurements and Instruments
    By mainly using the inelastic and quasielastic scattering spectrometer DNA installed in J-PARC/MLF neutron facility, the corresponding researcher will perform the experimental study to investigate the relationship between functions and dynamics of bio-macromolecules, such as the molecular mechanisms of the functions of enzymatic proteins, using particularly the deuterated protein samples.
    Therefore, it will be given special importance that the corresponding researcher has the extensive experience of preparation of bio-macromolecules, especially proteins by using bacterial expression systems.
    The corresponding researcher will also be expected to perform the research assistance for the related research fields in addition to his/her own research.
    J34Development and application of spin-contrast variation technique on structual study of complex materials using polarized neutron and polarized protons
    Materials Sciences Research Center Hierarchical Structure Research GroupTokai Research and Development Center
    Nuclear Science Research Institute
    Takayuki Kumada
    Tel:+81-29-284-3834
    E-mail: kumada.takayuki@jaea.go.jp
    Radiation WorkerMeasurements and Instruments
    Physics
    Electricity and Electronics
    Mathematics
    Chemistry
    Scattering power of protons against neutrons remarkably depends on relative direction of spins of the protons and neutrons. We have developed a dyanamic nuclear polarization system for the proton polarization of composite materials, and then carried out polarized neutron scattering study to determine detailed structure of the materials. We will extend this technique named spin contrast variation to deterimine nano-scale bulk and surface structures using small-angle scattering diffractometers and reflectrometers at the neutron facilities, JRR-3 and J-PARC.
    J36Study of geological environment during construction, operation and closure of underground facility.
    Tono Geoscience CenterCrystalline environment research groupTono Geoscience CenterTeruki Iwatsuki
    E-mail: iwatsuki.teruki@jaea.go.jp
    Non-Radiation WorkerGeo and Environemtal Sciences
    Chemistry
    Biology
    Chemical Engineering
    Measurements and Instruments
    Material
    The construction, operation and closure of large underground facility changes hydraulic and hydrochemical condition around the facility. Such disturbance process and the recovery mechanism are still unclear. It is required to develop the observation and simulation methods for understanding of the phenomenon. Postdoctoral fellow studies the hydraulic and hydrogeochemical evolution (artificial disturbance and the recovery) process, impact of burial materials such as cement, clay in deep underground around Mizunami Underground Research Laboratory (MIU) during facility construction and after the closure by analyzing the rock, groundwater and burial materials, and previous data.
    F1Computational study on the chemical form of radionuclides in environment and their transport
    Center for Computational Science & e-SystemsSimulation technology R&D Office178-4-4 Wakashiba, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-0871, JapanMasahiko Machida
    Tel:+81-04-7135-2349
    E-mail: machida.masahiko@jaea.go.jp
    Non-Radiation WorkerPhysics
    Geo and Environmental Sciences
    Computer and Information
    Chemistry
    The transport of radioactive Cesium and other radionuclides in the environment (including soil, rivers, coastal area and other environment) widely varies depending on the surroundings. These variation mainly originates from changes in the chemical and physical form of substances which absorb the radionuclides, such as soil particles and organic polymers of biological origin. Thus comprehensive evaluation of the transport of radionuclides in various environment requires development of transport model that incorporates the effects of different circumstances, based on the bottom-up modeling framework from the atomistic and molecular level up to the mesoscopic and macroscopic scales.
    The applicant is supposed to develop the modeling framework and simulation codes for the evaluation of transport of radionuclides that incorporates the change of physical and chemical form of radionuclides in various circumstances, to clarify the overall transport of Cesium and other radionuclides in Fukushima environment.
    F3Research on severe accident progression behavior of the Fukushima Daiichi NPP accident
    Collaborative Laboratories for Advanced Decommissioning Science (CLADS),
    Sector of Fukushima Research and Development
    Molten Core Behavior Analysis Group
    Severe Accident Propagation Behavior Evaluation Division
    Tokai Research and Development Center
    (Nuclear Science Research Institute)
    Toshio Nakagiri
    Tel:+81-(0)29-267-1919, Ex.5802
    E-mail: nakagiri.toshio@jaea.go.jp
    Non-Radiation WorkerPhysics
    Chemistry
    Radiation
    Mechanics
    Material
    Measurements and Instruments
    Computer and Information
    Analytical evaluation using SA codes (SCDAP, MELCOR, etc.) and 1F plant data are peroformed to enhance understanding on accident progression behavior in the Fukushima Daiichi NPP.
    In this theme, evaluation of 1F plant data with SA code analysis will be conducted and possibility of model improvement will be considered where appropriate.
    F4Research on the degradation behavior of fuel assemblies in Fukushima Daiichi NPP accident condition
    Collaborative Laboratories for Advanced Decommissioning Science (CLADS),
    Sector of Fukushima Research and Development
    Molten Core Behavior Analysis Group
    Severe Accident Propagation Behavior Evaluation Division
    Tokai Research and Development Center
    (Nuclear Science Research Institute)
    Toshio Nakagiri
    Tel:+81-(0)29-267-1919, Ex.5802
    E-mail: nakagiri.toshio@jaea.go.jp
    Non-Radiation WorkerPhysics
    Chemistry
    Mechanics
    Material
    Measurements and Instruments
    Present knowledge on reaction behavior of the fuel assembly materials (control blade, fuel rod, channel box) is insufficient to understand degradation behavior of fuel asseblies in the Fukushima Daiichi NPP accident.
    In this theme, laboratory scale experiments on reaction behavior of fuel assembly materials, large scale experiments on the degradation behavior of fuel assemblies and development of individual reaction models will be performed.
    F8Research on alteration and leaching of molten fuel
    Collaborative Laboratories for Advanced Decommissioning Science (CLADS),
    Sector of Fukushima Research and Development
    Fuel Debris Characterization and Conditioning Technology Development Group
    Fuel Debris Handling and Analysis Division
    Tokai Research and Development Center
    (Nuclear Fuel Cycle Engineering Laboratories)
    Hideki Ogino
    Tel:+81-29-282-1126
    E-mail: ogino.hideki@jaea.go.jp
    Non-Radiation WorkerPhysics
    Material
    Chemical Engineering
    Chemistry
    Geo and Environemtal Sciences
    Radiation
    Computer and Information
    The work on fuel debris removal from the damaged reactors at Fukushima Daiichi NPP requires a considerably long time. Considering long-term removal work and the subsequent processes such as storage, treatment and disposal, alteration of fuel debris should be evaluated . Although it is anticipated that alteration of fuel debris can be developed by external environments such as air, water and radiation (e.g., the conversion of debris surfaces into powder form and elution into the water), there is little knowledge about alteration.
    In this research, the alteration and leaching behavior of fuel debris will be evaluated and their models will also be developed based on the knowledge about the alteration of Chernobyl LFCM and the disposal technologies of spent fuel and vitrified waste, etc.
    F10Research on the chemical form of radioactive material in the environment and its dissolution within environmental water systems by use of solid analysis techniques
    Sector of Fukushima Research and Development
    Fukushima Environmetal Safety Center
    Fukushima Environmental Restoration GroupFukushima(Miharu)Kazuki Iijima
    Tel:+81-:247-61-2913
    E-mail: iijima.kazuki@jaea.go.jp
    Non-Radiation WorkerChemistry
    Geo and Environemtal Sciences
    Material
    Measurements and Instruments
    The radioactive cesium deposited on the land surface of Fukushima exists mostly in forests and small portions of it discharge each year into the ocean through river systems. The dissolved form of radioactive cesium migrates most easily within the eco-system. Although dissolved radiocesium concentrations are low, it is still detected in stemflow and riverflows, and this fact is considered to be the reason for the existence of freshwater fish and mushrooms with high radioactive cesium concentration. In order to predict the future behaviour of radioactive cesium in the eco-system, it is necessary to clarify the chemical form of radioactive cesium in the forest and the mechanism by which it dissolves. In this research program, we will try to uncover these issues by utilizing solid analysis instruments such as TEM, EPMA, FIB, XPS, etc., installed in the Fukushima Environmental Creation Center.
    F11Development of analytical method for small amount radionuclides in environment
    Sector of Fukushima Research and Development
    Fukushima Environmental Safety Center
    Fukushima Safety Administration and Radiation Measurement GroupFukushima(Miharu)Yasuhiro UEZU
    Tel:+81-247-61-2911
    E-mail: uezu.yasuhiro@jaea.go.jp
    Non-Radiation WorkerChemistry
    Geo and Environemtal Sciences
    Radiation
    The transfer factor of Sr-90 and H-3(OBT) are not same of Cs-137 in environment .
    Therefore, our group would like to develop simple and rapid analytical methods for Sr-90 and OBT in environmental samples.
    The study points of Sr-90 analytical method by using Q-ICP-MS are reduction of isobar interference and increasing of sensitivity. The study points of OBT are aqueous yield from samples.
    http://fukushima.jaea.go.jp/initiatives/cat01/pdf1511/2-2_takeishi.pdf
    F13Research and development of treatment method for radioactive wastes generated at the contaminated water treatment facility in Fukushima Daiichi Power Plant
    Sector of Nuclear Science Research Advanced Science Research CenterResearch Group for Interfacial Reaction Field ChemistryTokai Research and Development Center
    Nuclear Science Research Institute
    Kazuya Tanaka
    Tel:+81-29-284-3518
    E-mail: tanaka.kazuya@jaea.go.jp
    Radiation WorkerGeo and Environemtal Sciences
    Chemistry
    Material
    Applied Chemistry
    At Fukushima Daiichi, radionuclides in the contaminated water have been removed according to thier physicochemical forms. Posttreatment method for disposal of those radionuclides collected by various materials has yet to be decided. This study aims to develop effective posttreatment methods for mainly long-life anionic radionuclides for which few effective treatment methods for geological disposal are known. The posttreatment methods for them include conversion to stable inorganic form and subsequent solidification.
    F14Elucidation of migration behavior of radioactive cesium in forest and technological development for preventing dispersion of contaminates
    Sector of Nuclear Science Research Advanced Science Research CenterResearch Group for Interfacial Reaction Field ChemistryTokai Research and Development Center
    Nuclear Science Research Institute
    Fuminori Sakamoto
    Tel:+81-29-284-3517
    E-mail: sakamoto.fuminori@jaea.go.jp
    Radiation WorkerGeo and Environemtal Sciences
    Biology
    Chemistry
    Applied Chemistry
    Fungi including mushrooms have a high ability to absorb radioactive cesium from contaminated soil and woods. This ability is supposed to give significant impact on migration behavior of radioactive cesium in forest although the mechanism has yet to be elucidated. The Japanese government recently decided to decontaminate Satoyama, undeveloped woodland near the populated areas, in near future. To achieve this, prevention of radioactive cesium dispersion from the depths of the forest to Satoyama areas is necessary The purposes of this study is to elucidate the migration behavior of radioactive cesium in forest through investigating biological transformation of radioactive cesium by fungi and cesium immobilization by minerals. This study also aims to develop methods to preventing dispersion of radioactive cesium in forest.
    F15Investigation of the characteritics of radioactive material in a severe accident condition
    Nuclear Science and Engineering CenterResearch Group for LWR Advanced Technology
    LWR Key Technology Development Division
    Tokai Research and Development Cente (Nuclear Science Research Institute)Masahiko Osaka
    Tel:+81-29-267-4141
    E-mail: ohsaka.masahiko@jaea.go.jp
    Radiation WorkerPhysics
    Chemistry
    Material
    Mechanics
    In order to acquire fundamental knowledge on fission product (FP) behavior and dose evaluation for the decommissioning of Fukushima Daiich Nuclear Power Station, we are investigating the behavior of radioactive material in the Primary Containment Vessel (PCV) under severe accident conditions. The post-doctoral fellow will investigate the characteristics of such radioactive material and aerosols (chemical form, size distribution, etc) by conducting simulation tests. These tests will simulate FP transport from core to PCV. The aerosols analyses on size distribution will be conducted in the different transport stages, and will be coupled with post characterizations of the deposits (microstructure and chemical state). The post-doctoral fellow will be also involved in the evaluation of the radioactive material behavior and aerosol formation mechanism, by performing analytical studies on the chemical reaction kinetics and by comparing the simulation tests with the analysis of environmental samples.
    F16Clarification of Cs desorption mechanism on Cs free mineralization of clay minerals
    Materials Sciences Research CenterAnalytical Sciences Development Research GroupTokai Research and Development Center
    (Nuclear Science Research Institute)
    Iwao Shimoyama
    Tel:+81-29-284-3929
    E-mail: shimoyama.iwao@jaea.go.jp
    Radiation WorkerChemistry
    Physics
    Geo and Environemtal Sciences
    Material
    We study Cs desorption mechanism from clay minerals to develop Cs-free meneralization for volume reduction and reuse of radioactive contaminated soil in Fukushima. Weathered biotite (WB) in Fukushima is adopted as a model soil and sorbed with non-radioactive Cs. WB is heated with some alkaline salt reagents in ambient atomosphere condition or low-pressure conditions and products formed after the heating treatment are analyzed using X-ray diffraction and X-ray flulrescence analysis. Especially, we focus on the dependences of reagents and pressure on Cs desorption ratio and structural change of WB in this study.