Nuclear Emergency Assistance and Training Center
JAEA-Review 2023-026, 2023/12
The Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) is one of the designated public corporations, which is the agency dealing with emergency situations in cooperation with the Japanese and local governments under the Disaster Countermeasures Basic Act and under the Armed Attack Situation Response Law. JAEA has, therefore, responsibilities of providing technical assistances to the Japanese and local governments in case of nuclear or radiological emergencies based on these acts. To fulfill the assistances, the JAEA has prepared the Nuclear Emergency Support Measures Regulation, Disaster Prevention Work Plan and Civil Protection Work Plan. The Nuclear Emergency Assistance and Training Center (NEAT) is the main center of the technical assistance in case of emergency, and dispatches experts of JAEA, supplies equipment and materials and gives technical advice and information, to the Japanese and local governments for emergency based on the regulation and plans. In normal time, the NEAT provides the technical assistances such as the exercises and training courses concerning the nuclear preparedness and response to the JAEA experts and to emergency responders including the Japanese and local government officers. This report introduces the results of activities in Japanese Fiscal Year 2022, conducted by the NEAT.
Akira FUTEMMA, Yukihisa SANADA, Miyuki SASAKI, Yoshiharu KAWASAKI, Takeyuki IWAI, Shogo HIRAGA, Masashi HAGINOYA, Yuki MATSUNAGA, Yuichiro AKUTSU, Tomonori HOKAMA, Hirokazu HIRAOKA, Yoshimi URABE and Tamotsu KUDO
JAEA-Technology 2022-028, 2023/02
JAEA-Technology 2022-028 (15.21MB)
A large amount of radioactive material was released by the nuclear disaster of Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station (FDNPS), Tokyo Electric Power Company, caused by the Great East Japan Earthquake and the following tsunami on March 11, 2011. After the nuclear disaster, airborne radiation monitoring via manned helicopter has been utilized to grasp rapidly and widely the distribution of the radioactive materials surrounding FDNPS. We prepare the data of background radiation dose, geomorphic characteristics and the controlled airspace surrounding nuclear facilities of the whole country in order to make effective use of the monitoring technique as a way of emergency radiation monitoring and supply the results during an accident of a facility. This report has summarized the knowledge noted above achieved by the aerial radiation monitoring around Ohi and Takahama nuclear power stations. In addition, the examination’s progress aimed at introducing airborne radiation monitoring via an unmanned plane during a nuclear disaster and the technical issues are summarized in this report.
Group for Fukushima Mapping Project
JAEA-Technology 2022-026, 2023/01
JAEA-Technology 2022-026 (20.14MB)
This report presents results of the investigations on the distribution-mapping project of radioactive substances owing to TEPCO Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station (FDNPS) conducted in FY2021. Car-borne surveys, a flat ground measurement using survey meters, a walk survey and an unmanned helicopter survey were carried out to obtain air dose rate data to create air dose rate distribution maps, and temporal changes of the air dose rates were analyzed. Surveys on depth profile of radiocesium and in-situ measurements as for radiocesium deposition were performed. Based on these measurement results, effective half-lives of the temporal changes in the air dose rates and the deposition were evaluated. Score maps to classify the importance of the measurement points were created for Fukushima Prefecture and the 80 km zone from the FDNPS, and the factors causing changes in the score when monitoring data from multiple years were used were discussed. Monitoring data in coastal area performed owing to the comprehensive radiation monitoring plan until 2020 was summarized, and temporal changes in cesium-137 were analyzed. Using the Bayesian hierarchical modeling approach, we obtained maps that integrated the air dose rate distribution data obtained in this project with respect to the region within 80 km from the FDNPS and Fukushima Prefecture. The measurement results for FY2021 were published on the "Expansion Site of Distribution Map of Radiation Dose", and measurement data were stored as CSV format. Radiation monitoring and analysis of environmental samples owing to the comprehensive radiation monitoring plan were carried out.
Orihiko TOGAWA, Takehisa OHKURA and Masanori KIMURA
JAEA-Review 2022-049, 2023/01
Before construction and after operation of nuclear facilities, environmental consequence assessments are conducted for normal operation and an emergency.
These assessments mainly aim at confirming safety for the public around the facilities and producing relief for them.
Environmental consequence assessments are carried out using observations/ measurements by environmental monitoring and/or model predictions by calculation models,
sometimes using either of which and at other times using both them, according to the situations and necessities.
First, this report investigates methods, roles,
merits/demerits and relationship between observations/measurements and model predictions which are used for environmental consequence assessments of nuclear facilities,
especially holding up a spent nuclear fuel reprocessing plant at Rokkasho, Aomori as an example.
Next, it explains representative examples of utilization of data on observations/measurements and results on model predictions,
and considers points of attention at using them. Finally,
the report describes future direction, for example, improvements of observations/measurements and model predictions, and fusion of both them.
Nuclear Emergency Assistance and Training Center
JAEA-Review 2022-044, 2022/12
The Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) is one of the designated public corporations, which is the agency dealing with emergency situations in cooperation with the Japanese and local governments under the Disaster Countermeasures Basic Act and under the Armed Attack Situation Response Law. JAEA has, therefore, responsibilities of providing technical assistances to the Japanese and local governments in case of nuclear or radiological emergencies based on these acts. To fulfill the assistances, the JAEA has prepared the Nuclear Emergency Support Measures Regulation, Disaster Prevention Work Plan and Civil Protection Work Plan. The Nuclear Emergency Assistance and Training Center (NEAT) is the main center of the technical assistance in case of emergency, and dispatches experts of JAEA, supplies equipment and materials and gives technical advice and information, to the Japanese and local governments for emergency based on the regulation and plans. In normal time, the NEAT provides the technical assistances such as the exercises and training courses concerning the nuclear preparedness and response to the JAEA experts and to emergency responders including the Japanese and local government officers. This report introduces the results of activities in Japanese fiscal year 2021, conducted by the NEAT.
Hirokazu HIRAOKA, Joji KOMATSUZAKI, Norihiko HANAKA, Akiko OKAMOTO, Yoshihiko SAITO, Masahiro MUNAKATA and Orihiko TOGAWA
JAEA-Technology 2022-003, 2022/07
JAEA-Technology 2022-003 (2.53MB)
In contamination inspections for public in nuclear emergency, it is assumed that a large number of motor vehicles and evacuees will be inspected.
At present, first measurement points of vehicles are tires and around a wiper,
and they are basically inspected by persons using portable radiation surface contamination meters such as GM survey meters.
However, in order to efficiently inspect contamination of vehicles, utilization of portable radiation portal monitors is being considered for the inspection.
In this study, examination of performance of the portal monitor was conducted in order to obtain basic data.
In this examinations, sealed radiation sources, 133Ba, were substituted for the contamination of Operational Intervention Level 4 (OIL4), the evaluation criteria to conduct simple decontamination in the contamination inspection.
The radiation source was attached practically to a tire and around the wipers of a vehicle, and the counting rate of γ-rays from the radiation sources was measured using the portal monitor.
Three examinations were conducted: static examination with a vehicle stationary, moving examination to mock the actual inspection, and high back ground examination to investigate performance of the equipment in high back ground environment.
The vehicle mainly used in the experiments was a sedan, which is generally used as standard vehicles. And, a van whose front body is like that of a bus was used at this experiment.
In addition, the “Gamma Pole” manufactured by the Chiyoda Technol Corporation was used as the portal monitor.
As the result, it was estimated that the case of contamination equivalent to 40,000 cpm, the default value of the OIL4, deposited on the tread on a vehicle tire,
when the vehicle passes through the portal monitor at 10 km/h or less, the contamination would be detected with a probability of 99 % or more.
Similarly, when the contamination deposited on around the wipers and the vehicle speed is 5 km/h or less, it was estimated that the detection was possible with a probability of 84 % or more.
In order to evaluate whether the contamination deposited on the tread on a tire is OIL4 or more or less, it was shown that adjusting the conversion constant in the device set by the manufacture is required.
However, even in that case, it was shown that it was difficult to evaluate the both contamination on the tread on the tire and around the wipers at same time,
because of that contamination on around the wipers was more difficult to detect than one on the tread on the tire.
It became clear that realization of simultaneous measurement and evaluation of both the two contamination is an issue to utilize the portal monitor for improving efficiency of the contamination inspection.
Masaki ANDOH and Kimiaki SAITO
JAEA-Technology 2021-032, 2022/03
JAEA-Technology 2021-032 (3.84MB)
Since the occurrence of the accident at the TEPCO Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station, the Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) has been conducting a series of car-borne survey over a wide area in the eastern part of Japan using the monitoring system KURAMAII. In this report, outline of the car-borne surveys are summarized and the following characteristics of the temporal changes in each prefecture and region were investigated using the measured data obtained from 2012 to 2019; 1) Average and maximum values for each prefecture for the six years from 2014 to 2019, 2) Average values for each prefecture from 2012 to 2019, 3) Average values for each evacuation order area category, regional category, and northern Soso-area municipality in Fukushima Prefecture from 2012 to 2019, and 4) Average and maximum values for each municipality in each prefecture for four times (at almost two-year intervals) of the measurement results from 2012 to 2018.
Akira FUTEMMA, Yukihisa SANADA, Azusa ISHIZAKI, Yoshiharu KAWASAKI, Takeyuki IWAI, Shogo HIRAGA, Kazuhiko SATO, Masashi HAGINOYA, Yuki MATSUNAGA, Hikaru KIKUCHI, Kazumasa SHIMADA, Tomonori HOKAMA, Hirokazu HIRAOKA, Yoshimi URABE, Orihiko TOGAWA, Masaki ANDOH, and Tamotsu KUDO
JAEA-Technology 2021-029, 2022/02
JAEA-Technology 2021-029 (24.58MB)
By the nuclear disaster of Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station (FDNPS), Tokyo Electric Power Company (TEPCO), caused by the Great East Japan Earthquake and the following tsunami on March 11, 2011, a large amount of radioactive material was released from the FDNPS. After the nuclear disaster, airborne radiation monitoring using manned helicopter has been conducted around FDNPS. The results of the airborne radiation monitoring and the evaluation for temporal change of dose rate in the fiscal 2020 were summarized in this report. Analysis considering topographical effects was applied to the result of the airborne monitoring to improve the accuracy of conventional method. In addition, technique for discriminating gamma rays from the ground and those from the airborne Rn-progenies was also utilized to evaluate their effect on airborne radiation monitoring.
Group for Fukushima Mapping Project
JAEA-Technology 2021-025, 2021/11
JAEA-Technology 2021-025 (46.66MB)
This report presents results of the investigations on the distribution-mapping project of radioactive substances owing to TEPCO Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station (FDNPS) conducted in FY2020. Car-borne surveys, a flat ground measurement using survey meters, a walk survey and an unmanned helicopter survey were carried out to obtain air dose rate data. Air dose rate distribution maps were created and temporal changes of the air dose rates were analyzed. Regarding radiocesium deposition into the ground, surveys on depth profile of radiocesium and in-situ measurements were performed. Based on these measurement results, effective half-lives of the temporal changes in the air dose rates and the deposition were evaluated. In the examination of scoring for classifying the importance of measurement points, a score map was created for Fukushima Prefecture and the 80 km zone from the FDNPS, and the factors causing changes in the score when monitoring data from multiple years were used were discussed. Using the Bayesian hierarchical modeling approach, we obtained maps that integrated the air dose rate distribution data obtained from aircraft monitoring, car-borne surveys, and walk surveys with respect to the region within 80 km from the FDNPS and Fukushima Prefecture. The measurement results for FY2020 were published on the "Expansion Site of Distribution Map of Radiation Dose", and measurement data were stored as CSV format. Radiation monitoring and analysis of environmental samples owing to the comprehensive radiation monitoring plan were carried out.
Nuclear Emergency Assistance and Training Center
JAEA-Review 2021-039, 2021/12
JAEA-Review-2021-039.pdf (5.99MB)
Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) is one of the designated public corporations, dealing with emergency situations in cooperation with the Japanese government under the Disaster Countermeasures Basic Act and under the Armed Attack Situation Response Law. JAEA provides technical assistances to the government in case of nuclear or radiological emergencies. JAEA has prepared the Nuclear Emergency Support Measures Regulation, Disaster Prevention Work Plan and Civil Protection Work Plan. Nuclear Emergency Assistance and Training Center (NEAT) is the main center of the technical assistance in case of emergency, and dispatches experts, supplies equipment and materials and gives technical advice to the government. Moreover, NEAT provides the technical exercises and training courses concerning the nuclear emergency preparedness and response to emergency responders. This report introduces the results of activities in FY 2020, during the third medium and long-term plan from FY 2015 to 2021 as Chapter 1. Chapter 2 summarizes activities in 20 years since FY 1999.
Orihiko TOGAWA, Takehisa OHKURA, Masanori KIMURA and Haruyasu NAGAI
JAEA-Review 2021-021, 2021/11
JAEA-Review-2021-021.pdf (3.72MB)
Triggered by the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station accident, there have been a lot of arguments among various situations and levels about utilization of atmospheric dispersion models for a nuclear emergency preparedness and response. Most of these arguments, however, were alternative and extreme discussions on whether predictions by computational models could be applied or not for protective measures in a nuclear emergency, and it was hard to say that these arguments were politely conducted, based on scientific verification in an emergency response. It was known, on the other hand, that there were not a few potential users of atmospheric dispersion models and/or calculation results by the models within the Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) and outside. However, they seemed to have a lack of understanding and a misunderstanding on proper use of different kinds of atmospheric dispersion models. This report compares an outline of models and calculation method in atmospheric dispersion models for a nuclear emergency preparedness and response, with a central focus on the models which have been developed and used in the JAEA. Examples of calculations by these models are also described in the report. This report aims at contributing to future consideration and activities for potential users of atmospheric dispersion models within the JAEA and outside.
Akira FUTEMMA, Yukihisa SANADA, Miyuki SASAKI, Yoshiharu KAWASAKI, Takeyuki IWAI, Shogo HIRAGA, Kazuhiko SATO, Masashi HAGINOYA, Yuki MATSUNAGA, Hikaru KIKUCHI, Yoshimi URABE and Tamotsu KUDO
JAEA-Technology 2021-020, 2021/11
JAEA-Technology-2021-020.pdf (17.11MB)
A large amount of radioactive material was released by the nuclear disaster of Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station (FDNPS), Tokyo Electric Power Company, caused by the Great East Japan Earthquake and the following tsunami on March 11, 2011. After the nuclear disaster, airborne radiation monitoring via manned helicopter has been utilized to grasp rapidly and widely the distribution of the radioactive materials surrounding FDNPS. We prepare the data of background radiation dose, geomorphic characteristics and the controlled airspace surrounding nuclear facilities of the whole country in order to make effective use of the monitoring technique as a way of emergency radiation monitoring and supply the results during an accident of a facility. This report is summarized that the knowledge as noted above achieved by the aerial radiation monitoring around Tsuruga and Mihama nuclear power station, research reactors in Kindai University Atomic Energy Research Institute and Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University. In addition, examination’s progress aimed at introduction of airborne radiation monitoring via unmanned plane during nuclear disaster and the technical issues are summarized in this report.
Miho NEMOTO, Noriya EBINE, Akiko OKAMOTO, Yasuhisa HOSAKA, Katsunori TSUDUKI, Hiroaki TERADA, Tsuyoshi HAYAKAWA and Orihiko TOGAWA
JAEA-Technology 2021-013, 2021/08
JAEA-Technology-2021-013.pdf (2.52MB)
When North Korea has carried out nuclear tests, Nuclear Emergency Assistance and Training Center (NEAT) predicts atmospheric dispersion of radionuclides by using the WSPEEDI-II upon requests from Nuclear Regulation Authority (NRA) and submits the predicted results to NRA in cooperation with Nuclear Science and Engineering Center (NSEC). This is a part of the activity of NEAT supporting the Japanese Government in emergency responses. The WSPEEDI-II automatic calculation system specialized for responses to nuclear tests by North Korea was developed by NSEC and was used for responses to three nuclear tests from February 2013 to September 2017. This report describes the transfer and installation of the calculation system to NEAT, and the subsequent maintenance and operation. Future issues for responses to nuclear tests are also described in this report.
Makoto HASHIMOTO, Sakae KINASE, Masahiro MUNAKATA, Takashi MURAYAMA,Masa TAKAHISHI, Chie TAKADA, Akiko OKAMOTO, Tsuyoshi HAYAKAWA, Masato SUKEGAWA, Nobuhide KUME, Yusuke HIRAYAMA and Orihiko TOGAWA
JAEA-Review 2020-071, 2021/03
JAEA-Review-2020-071.pdf (2.72MB)
In the case of a nuclear accident or a radiological emergency, the Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), as a designated public corporation assigned in the Disaster Countermeasures Basic Act and the Armed Attack Situation Response Law, undertakes technical supports to the national government and local governments. The JAEA is requested to support to evaluate radiation doses to residents in a nuclear emergency, which is specified in the Basic Disaster Management Plan and the Nuclear Emergency Response Manual. For the dose evaluation, however, its strategy, target, method, structure and so on have not been determined either specifically or in detail. This report describes the results of investigation and consideration discussed in the "Working Group for Radiation Dose Evaluation at a Nuclear Emergency" established within the Nuclear Emergency Assistance and Training Center to discuss technical supports for radiation dose evaluation to residents in the case of a nuclear emergency, and aims at contributing to specific and detailed discussion and activities in the future for the national government and local governments, also within the JAEA.
Akira FUTEMMA, Yukihisa SANADA, Yoshiharu KAWASAKI, Takeyuki IWAI, Shogo HIRAGA, Kazuhiko SATO, Masashi HAGINOYA, Yuki MATSUNAGA, Hikaru KIKUCHI, Azusa ISHIZAKI, Jun HIROUCHI, Hirokazu HIRAOKA, Yoshimi URABE and Tamotsu KUDO
JAEA-Technology 2020-019, 2021/02
JAEA-Technology-2020-019.pdf (15.78MB)
A large amount of radioactive material was released by the nuclear disaster of Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station (FDNPS), Tokyo Electric Power Company, caused by the Great East Japan Earthquake and the following tsunami on March 11, 2011. After the nuclear disaster, airborne radiation monitoring using manned helicopter has been utilized to grasp rapidly and widely the distribution of the radioactive materials around FDNPS. We prepare the data of background radiation dose, geomorphic characteristics and the controlled airspace around nuclear facilities of the whole country in order to make effective use of the monitoring tequnique as a way of emergency radiation monitoring and supply the results during accidents of the facilities. Furthermore, the airborne radiation monitoring has been conducted in Integrated Nuclear Emergency Response Drill to increase effectiveness of the monitoring. This report is summarized that the knowledge as noted above achieved by the aerial radiation monitoring around Higashidori nuclear power station, the nuclear fuel reprocessing plant in Rokkasho village and Shika nuclear power station, the full details of the aerial radiation monitoring in Integrated Nuclear Emergency Response Drill in the fiscal 2019. In addition, examination’s progress aimed at introduction of airborne radiation monitoring using unmanned helicopter during nuclear disaster and the technical issues are summarized in this report.
Akira FUTEMMA, Yukihisa SANADA, Azusa ISHIZAKI, Yoshiharu KAWASAKI, Takeyuki IWAI, Shogo HIRAGA, Kazuhiko SATO, Masashi HAGINOYA, Yuki MATSUNAGA, Hikaru KIKUCHI, Jun HIROUCHI, Hirokazu HIRAOKA, Yoshimi URABE and Tamotsu KUDO
JAEA-Technology 2020-018, 2021/02
JAEA-Technology-2020-018.pdf (15.15MB)
By the nuclear disaster of Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station (FDNPS), Tokyo Electric Power Company (TEPCO), caused by the Great East Japan Earthquake and the following tsunami on March 11, 2011, a large amount of radioactive material was released from the FDNPS. After the nuclear disaster, airborne radiation monitoring using manned helicopter has been conducted around FDNPS. The results in the fiscal 2019 were summarized in this report. Analysis taken topographical effects into consideration was applied to the result of airborne monitoring to improve the precision of conventional method. In addition, discrimination method of gamma rays from Rn-progenies was also utilized to evaluate their effect on aerial radiation monitoring.
Group for Fukushima Mapping Project
JAEA-Technology 2020-014, 2020/12
JAEA-Technology 2020-014 (23.8MB)
This report presents results of the investigations on the distribution-mapping project of radioactive substances owing to TEPCO Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station (FDNPS) conducted in FY2019. Car-borne surveys, a flat ground measurement using survey meters, a walk survey and an unmanned helicopter survey were carried out to obtain air dose rate data. Air dose rate distribution maps were created and temporal changes of the air dose rates were analyzed. Regarding radiocesium deposition into the ground, surveys on depth profile of radiocesium and in-situ measurements were performed. Based on these measurement results, effective half-lives of the temporal changes in the air dose rates and the deposition were evaluated. In the examination of scoring to classify the importance of measurement points, we created a score map of Fukushima Prefecture and that within 80 km from the FDNPS based on the "score" method developed in 2018. The way of monitoring radioactive materials in land area was examined and the representativeness of monitoring points was proposed. Using the Bayesian hierarchical modeling approach, we obtained maps that integrated the air dose rate distribution data obtained from aircraft monitoring, car-borne surveys, and walk surveys with respect to the region within 80 km from the FDNPS and Fukushima Prefecture. The measurement results for FY2019 were published on the “Expansion Site of Distribution Map of Radiation Dose”, and measurement data were stored as CSV format. Radiation monitoring and analysis of environmental samples owing to the comprehensive radiation monitoring plan were carried out.
Orihiko TOGAWA, Tsuyoshi HAYAKAWA, Tadao TANAKA, Kazuya YAMAMOTO and Hiroshi OKUNO
JAEA-Review 2020-017, 2020/09
JAEA-Review-2020-017.pdf (2.24MB)
In 2010, the government of Japan joined the Response and Assistance Network (RANET) of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), in order to contribute to offering international assistance in the case of a nuclear accident or radiological emergency. At that occasion, the Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) was registered as the National Assistance Capability (NAC) having resources capable of the External Based Support (EBS) in the following seven areas: (1) aerial survey, (2) radiation monitoring, (3) environmental measurements, (4) assessment and advice, (5) internal dose assessment, (6) bioassay and (7) dose reconstruction. After the registration, three inquiries were directed to the JAEA about a possibility of its support. However, the JAEA's assistance has not eventually been realized. On the other hand, the JAEA participated almost every year in the international Convention Exercise (ConvEx) carried out by the IAEA in connection with RANET. This report describes an outline of the RANET and related activities of the JAEA for RANET registration and participation in the ConvEx.
Nuclear Emergency Assistance and Training Center
JAEA-Review 2020-016, 2020/09
JAEA-Review 2020-016.pdf (4.09MB)
The Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) is one of the designated public institutions, which is an agency dealing with an emergency situation in cooperation with the Japanese and local governments under the Disaster Countermeasures Basic Act and under the Armed Attack Situation Response Law. JAEA has, therefore, responsibilities of providing technical assistances to the Japanese and local governments in case of nuclear or radiological emergencies based on these Acts. To fulfill the assistances, the JAEA has prepared the Nuclear Emergency Support Measures Regulation, Disaster Prevention Work Plan and Civil Protection Work Plan. The Nuclear Emergency Assistance and Training Center (NEAT) is the main center of the technical assistance in case of emergency, and dispatches experts of JAEA, supplies equipment and materials and gives technical advice and information, to the Japanese and local governments for emergency based on the regulation and plans. In normal time, the NEAT provides the technical assistances such as the exercises and training courses concerning the nuclear preparedness and response to the JAEA experts and also to emergency responders including the Japanese and local government officers. This report introduces the results of activities in Japanese Fiscal Year 2019, conducted by NEAT in accordance with the third medium and long-term plan for the period from Japanese Fiscal Year 2015 to 2021.
Group for Fukushima Mapping Project
JAEA-Technology 2019-019, 2020/03
JAEA-Technology-2019-019.pdf (22.01MB)
After the accident at TEPCO Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station (FDNPS),distribution situation survey on radioactive materials have been conducted with financially supported by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (later the Nuclear Regulatory Agency) from June 2011 to FY2018. Results obtained in the project in FY2018 are presented in this report. Car-borne surveys, a flat ground measurement using survey meters, a walk survey and an unmanned helicopter survey were carried out to obtain air dose rate data. Air dose rate distribution maps were created and temporal changes of air dose rate were analyzed. Regarding radiocesium deposition in the soil, depth profile survey in the soil and in-situ measurement were performed. Based on these measurement results, effective half-life of the air dose rate and the deposition were evaluated. Considering radiation monitoring data obtained in previous surveys and the installation positions of existing monitoring posts, we tried to make the “score” of the importance of measurement points. Using the Bayesian hierarchical modeling approach, we obtained a map that integrated the air dose rate distribution data obtained from aircraft monitoring, car-borne surveys, and walk surveys for the entire region within 80 km from the FDNPS. The measurement results for FY2018 were published on the “Expansion Site of Distribution Map of Radiation Dose”, and measurement data were stored as CSV format. Radiation monitoring and environmental sample analysis owing to the comprehensive radiation monitoring plan were carried out.
Akira FUTEMMA, Yukihisa SANADA, Tomokazu KOMIYA, Takeyuki IWAI, Eisaku SEGUCHI, Yuki MATSUNAGA, Tomoki KAWABATA, Masashi HAGINOYA, Shogo HIRAGA, Kazuhiko SATO, Yoshiharu SATO, Yoshimi URABE, Azusa ISHIZAKI, Kazumasa SHIMADA, Airi MORI, Jun HIROUCHI, Hirokazu HIRAOKA and Tamotsu KUDO
JAEA-Technology 2019-017, 2019/11
JAEA-Technology-2019-017.pdf (12.38MB)
By the nuclear disaster of Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station (FDNPS), Tokyo Electric Power Company (TEPCO), caused by the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake and the following tsunami, a large amount of radioactive material was released from the FDNPS. After the nuclear disaster, airborne radiation monitoring using manned helicopter has been conducted to grasp rapidly and widely the distribution of the radioactive materials around FDNPS. We aim at utilizing the monitoring techology as a way of emergency radiation monitoring and supplying the result of measurements during accidents of nuclear power plants. Therefore, it is important to summarize information of background radiation dose, geomorphic characteristics and the controlled airspace around nuclear power stations of the whole country. The results of aerial radiation monitoring around Shimane and Hamaoka Nuclear Power Stations in the fiscal year 2018 were summarized in this report. In addition, technical issues were described.
Akira FUTEMMA, Yukihisa SANADA, Azusa ISHIZAKI, Tomokazu KOMIYA, Takeyuki IWAI, Eisaku SEGUCHI, Yuki MATSUNAGA, Tomoki KAWABATA, Masashi HAGINOYA, Shogo HIRAGA, Kazuhiko SATO, Yoshiharu SATO, Yoshimi URABE, Kazumasa SHIMADA, Airi MORI, Jun HIROUCHI, Hirokazu HIRAOKA and Tamotsu KUDO
JAEA-Technology 2019-016, 2019/11
JAEA-Technology-2019-016.pdf (14.43MB)
By the nuclear disaster of Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station (FDNPS), Tokyo Electric Power Company (TEPCO), caused by the Great East Japan Earthquake and the following tsunami on March 11, 2011, a large amount of radioactive material was released from the FDNPS. After the nuclear disaster, airborne radiation monitoring using manned helicopter has been conducted around FDNPS. The results in the fiscal year 2018 were summarized in this report. Discrimination method of gamma rays from Rn-progenies was also utilized to evaluate their effect on aerial radiation monitoring. In addition, analysis taken topographical effects into consideration was applied to previous results of airborne monitoring to improve the precision of conventional method.
Nuclear Emergency Assistance and Training Center
JAEA-Review 2019-013, 2019/10
JAEA-Review 2019-013.pdf (5.52MB)
The Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) is one of the designated public institutions, which is an agency dealing with an emergency situation in cooperation with the Japanese and local governments under the Disaster Countermeasures Basic Act and under the Armed Attack Situation Response Law. JAEA has, therefore, responsibilities of providing technical assistances to the Japanese and local governments in case of nuclear or radiological emergencies based on these Acts. In order to fulfill the assistances, the JAEA has prepared the Nuclear Emergency Support Measures Regulation, Disaster Prevention Work Plan and Civil Protection Work Plan. The Nuclear Emergency Assistance and Training Center (NEAT) is the main center of the technical assistance in case of emergency, and dispatches experts of JAEA, supplies equipment and materials and gives them technical advice and information, to the Japanese and local governments for emergency based on the regulation and plans. In normal time, the NEAT provides the technical assistances such as the exercises and training courses concerning the nuclear preparedness and response to emergency responders including the Japanese and local government officers in addition to the JAEA experts. This report introduces the results of activities in Japanese Fiscal Year 2018, conducted by NEAT in accordance with the third medium and long-term plan from Japanese Fiscal Year 2015 to 2021.
Akira FUTEMMA, Yukihisa SANADA, Takeyuki IWAI, Eisaku SEGUCHI, Yuki MATSUNAGA, Tomoki KAWABATA, Masayuki TOYODA, Shinichiro TOBITA, Shogo HIRAGA, Kazuhiko SATO, Yoshiharu SATO, Yoshimi URABE, Azusa ISHIZAKI, Kazumasa SHIMADA, Airi MORI, Jun HIROUCHI and Tamotsu KUDO
JAEA-Technology 2018-016, 2019/02
JAEA-Technology-2018-016.pdf (19.09MB)
By the nuclear disaster of Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station (FDNPS), Tokyo Electric Power Company (TEPCO), caused by the Great East Japan Earthquake and the following tsunami on March 11, 2011, a large amount of radioactive material was released from the FDNPS. After the nuclear disaster, airborne radiation monitoring using manned helicopter was conducted around FDNPS. We have carried out the background radiation monitoring around the nuclear power stations of the whole country to apply the airborne radiation monitoring technique that has been cultivated in the aerial monitoring around FDNPS against nuclear emergency response. The results of monitoring around Tomari, Kashiwazaki-Kariwa and Genkai Nuclear Power Stations in the fiscal 2017 were summarized in this report. In addition, technical issues were described.
Akira FUTEMMA, Yukihisa SANADA, Azusa ISHIZAKI, Takeyuki IWAI, Eisaku SEGUCHI, Yuki MATSUNAGA, Tomoki KAWABATA, Masayuki TOYODA, Shinichiro TOBITA, Shogo HIRAGA, Kazuhiko SATO, Yoshiharu SATO, Yoshimi URABE, Kazumasa SHIMADA, Airi MORI, Jun HIROUCHI and Tamotsu KUDO
JAEA-Technology 2018-015, 2019/02
JAEA-Technology-2018-015.pdf (15.37MB)
By the nuclear disaster of Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station (FDNPS), Tokyo Electric Power Company (TEPCO), caused by the Great East Japan Earthquake and the following tsunami on March 11, 2011, a large amount of radioactive material was released from the FDNPS. After the nuclear disaster, airborne radiation monitoring using manned helicopter has been conducted around FDNPS. The results in the fiscal 2017 were summarized in this report. In addition, we developed and systemized the discrimination technique of the Rn-progenies from radiations of radioactive materials deposited on the ground. The accuracy of aerial radiation monitoring was evaluated by taking into consideration GPS data error.
Nuclear Emergency Assistance and Training Center
JAEA-Review 2018-015, 2018/11
JAEA-Review-2018-015.pdf (3.85MB)
Since JAEA is a designated public institution, an agency dealing with an emergency situation in cooperation with the national government under the Disaster Countermeasures Basic Act, it has the responsibility of providing technical assistance to the national government in case of a nuclear emergency. The Nuclear Emergency Assistance and Training Center, NEAT, is the main center of the technical assistance in case of emergency, and dispatches experts of JAEA and supplies equipment and materials to the national government for emergency. In normal time, the NEAT provides the technical assistance such as the exercises and training courses concerning nuclear preparedness and response to emergency responders including the national government officers in addition to JAEA staff members. This report introduces the results of activities in FY2017 conducted by NEAT.
Ishizaki Shuhei, Hayakawa Tsuyoshi, Tsuzuki Katsunori, Terada Hiroaki, Togawa Orihiko
JAEA-Technology 2018-007, 2018/10
JAEA-Technology 2018-007.pdf (5.67MB)
When North Korea has carried out a nuclear test, by a request from Nuclear Regulation Authority (NRA), Nuclear Emergency Assistance and Training Center (NEAT) predicts atmospheric dispersion of radionuclides by WSPEEDI-II system in cooperation with Nuclear Science and Engineering Center (NSEC), and submits the predicted results to NRA as the activity to assist responses by the Japanese Government. This report explains frameworks of the Japanese Government and Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) to cope with nuclear tests by North Korea, and describes a series of activities by NEAT regarding predictions of atmospheric dispersion of radionuclides in response to the 5th and 6th nuclear tests carried out by North Korea in September 2016 and September 2017. Future plans and issues to be solved for responses to nuclear tests are also described in this report, together with an outline of a computer program system used in the predictions.
Yukihisa SANADA, Airi MORI, Takeyuki IWAI, Eisaku SEGUCHI, Yuki MATSUNAGA, Tomoki KAWABATA, Masayuki TOYODA, Shinichiro TOBITA, Shogo HIRAGA, Yoshiharu SATO, Yoshimi URABE, Azusa ISHIZAKI, Kazumasa SHIMADA, Jun HIROUCHI and Tamotsu KUDO
JAEA-Technology 2017-035, 2018/02
JAEA-Technology-2017-035.pdf (33.71MB)
By the nuclear disaster of Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station (FDNPS), Tokyo Electric Power Company (TEPCO), caused by the Great East Japan Earthquake and the following tsunami on March 11, 2011, a large amount of radioactive material was released from the NPS. After the nuclear disaster, airborne radiation monitoring using manned helicopter was conducted around FDNPS. We have carried out the background monitoring around the nuclear power stations of the whole country to apply the airborne radiation monitoring technique that has been cultivated in Fukushima against nuclear emergency response. The results of monitoring around Ooi, Takahama and Ikata Nuclear Power Station in the fiscal 2016 were summarized in this report. In addition, technical issues were described.
Yukihisa SANADA, Airi MORI, Takeyuki IWAI, Eisaku SEGUCHI, Yuki MATSUNAGA, Tomoki KAWABATA, Masayuki TOYODA, Shinichiro TOBITA, Shogo HIRAGA, Yoshiharu SATO, Yoshimi URABE, Azusa ISHIZAKI,Kazumasa SHIMADA, Jun HIROUCHI and Tamotsu KUDO
JAEA-Technology 2017-034, 2018/02
JAEA-Technology-2017-034.pdf (25.78MB)
By the nuclear disaster of Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station (FDNPS), Tokyo Electric Power Company (TEPCO), caused by the Great East Japan Earthquake and the following tsunami on March 11, 2011, a large amount of radioactive material was released from the NPS. After the nuclear disaster, airborne radiation monitoring using manned helicopter was conducted around FDNPS. The results in the fiscal 2016 were summarized in this report. In addition, we developed the discrimination technique of the Rn-progenies. The accuracy of aerial radiation monitoring was evaluated by taking into consideration GPS data error.
Nuclear Emergency Assistance and Training Center
JAEA-Review 2017-020, 2017/11
JAEA-Review-2017-020.pdf (15.31MB)
The Japan Atomic Energy Agency has the responsibility of providing technical assistance to the national and local governments in case of a nuclear or radiological emergency based on these Acts. In order to fulfill the tasks as the designated public institution, the Nuclear Emergency Assistance and Training Center, NEAT, is the window center of the technical assistance in case of emergency, and dispatches experts of JAEA, supplies equipment and materials, and gives them technical advice and information, to the national and local governments with emergency. In normal time, the NEAT provides the technical assistance such as the exercises and training courses concerning nuclear preparedness and response to emergency responders including the national and local government officers in addition to JAEA staff members. This report introduces the results of activities in FY2016, conducted by NEAT in accordance with the third medium and long-term plan.
Nuclear Emergency Assistance and Training Center
JAEA-Review 2017-011, 2017/07
JAEA-Review-2017-011.pdf (3.46MB)
The Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) is a designated public institution under the Disaster Countermeasures Basic Act and under the Armed Attack Situations Response Act. Based on these Acts, the JAEA has the responsibility of providing technical support to the national and some local governments in case of a nuclear incident. In case of a nuclear emergency, the Nuclear Emergency Assistance and Training Center (NEAT) dispatches experts of JAEA, supplies the governments with emergency equipment, and gives them technical advice and information. In normal time, NEAT provides various drills/exercises and training courses to nuclear emergency responders. In FY2015, the NEAT accomplished the following tasks: (1) Improvement of hardware and software for technical support activities; (2) Human resource development, exercise and training of nuclear emergency responders; (3) Researches on nuclear emergency preparedness and response, and dissemination of useful information for emergency responders; (4) Arrangements for technical support for aerial monitoring; and (5) Technical contributions to Asian countries on nuclear emergency preparedness and response.
Homma, Toshimitsu; Takahara, Shogo; Iijima, Masashi; Sato, Sohei; Kimura, Masanori; Shimada, Kazumasa
JAEA-Review 2016-013, 2016/07
JAEA-Review-2016-013.pdf (16.95MB)
This is a Japanese translation of "Actions to Protect the Public in an Emergency due to Severe Conditions at a Light Water Reactor" which was published by the International Atomic Energy Agency in May 2013.
Nuclear Emergency Assistance and Training Center
JAEA-Review 2016-005, 2016/05
JAEA-Review-2016-005.pdf (3.7MB)
The Japan Atomic Energy Agency, JAEA, is a designated public institution under the Disaster Countermeasures Basic Act and under the Armed Attack Situations Response Act. Based on these Acts, the JAEA has the responsibility of providing technical support to the national government and/or local governments in case of nuclear and/or radiological incidents. In order to fulfill the tasks as the designated public institution, the JAEA has established the Emergency Action Plan and the Civil Protection Action Plan. In case of a nuclear/radiological emergency, the Nuclear Emergency Assistance and Training Center (NEAT) dispatches specialists of JAEA, supplies the national government and local governments with emergency equipment and materials, and gives them technical advice and information. In normal time, NEAT provides various exercises and training courses concerning nuclear preparedness and response to emergency responders including the national and local government officers, in addition to the JAEA staff members. The NEAT also researches nuclear emergency preparedness and response, and cooperates with international organizations on the above research theme. In the FY2014, the NEAT accomplished the following tasks: (1) Technical support activities as a designated public institution in cooperation with the national and local governments, (2) Human resource development, exercise and training of nuclear emergency responders for the national and local governments, (3) Researches on nuclear emergency preparedness and response, and release to the public as useful information, and (4) Technical contributions to Asian countries on nuclear emergency preparedness and response in collaboration with the international organization.
Masaki ANDOH, Takashi KANNO and Kimiaki SAITO
JAEA-Technology 2015-060, 2016/03
JAEA-Technology-2015-060.pdf (50.10MB)
Car borne surveys in wide area (13 prefectures in east Japan) has been performed by Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) with the use of the KURAMA and KURAMA-II systems since the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident. In this report, the ratio of air dose rate averaged in prefecture-wise was investigated and distribution maps to show the ratio of air dose rate between different surveys were made, for investigating time dependency of the change of air dose rate focused in measurement area (land usage or air dose rate). The changes in air dose rate from the first (June 2011) car borne survey to the fourth (September 2012) and seventh (November 2013) car borne surveys were grouped by the magnitude of air dose rate in the first survey. It was found that the ratios between the air dose rate of the first to the fourth and the seventh in Fukushima Prefecture was similar to those in Tochigi Prefecture, and the ratio in Miyagi Prefecture showed quicker decay than those in the other prefectures in the groups of less than 0.5μSv/h. Distribution maps of the ratios of air dose rate obtained in 100m mesh wise in Fukushima, Tochigi and Miyagi Prefectures showed that the ratios (i.e. decreasing rates) were depending on the area or road. Further, decreasing in the air dose rate was quicker than the physical decay in the big cities where population is big and the traffic is huge.
Sato, Takeshi; Muto, Shigeo; Akiyama, Kiyomitsu; Aoki, Kazufumi; Okamoto, Akiko; Kawakami, Takeshi; Kume, Nobuhide; Nakanishi, Chika; Koie, Masahiro; Kawamata, Hiroyuki; Nemotouchi, Toshimasa; Saito, Toru; Kato, Tadashi; Sumiya, Akio; Yamamoto, Kazuya; Sato, Sohei; Sumiya, Akihiro; Okuno, Hiroshi; Yoshida, Hiroshi; Kikuchi, Masayuki; Matsusaka, Masaru
JAEA-Review 2014-048, 2015/02
JAEA-Review-2014-048.pdf (13.91MB)
JAEA was assigned as a designated public institution under the Disaster Countermeasures Basic Act and under the Armed Attack Situations Response Act. Based on these Acts, the JAEA has the responsibility of providing technical support to the national government and/or local governments in case of disaster responses or response in the event of a military attack, etc. In order to fulfill the tasks, the JAEA has established the Emergency Action Plan and the Civil Protection Action Plan. In case of a nuclear emergency, NEAT dispatches specialists of JAEA, supplies the national government and local governments with emergency equipment and materials, and gives technical advice and information. In normal time, NEAT provides various exercises and training courses concerning nuclear disaster prevention to those personnel taking an active part in emergency response institutions of the national and local governments, police, fire fighters, self-defense forces, etc. in addition to the JAEA itself. The NEAT also researches nuclear disaster preparedness and response, and cooperates with international organizations. In the FY2013, the NEAT accomplished the following tasks: (1) Technical support activities as a designated public institution in cooperation with the national and local governments, etc. (2) Human resource development, exercise and training of nuclear emergency response personnel for the national and local governments, etc. (3) Researches on nuclear disaster preparedness and response, and sending useful information (4) International contributions to Asian countries on nuclear disaster preparedness and response in collaboration with the international organizations.
Sato, Takeshi; Muto, Shigeo; Okuno, Hiroshi; Katagiri, Hiromi; Akiyama, Kiyomitsu; Okamoto, Akiko; Koie, Masahiro; Ikeda, Takeshi; Nemotochi, Toshimasa; Saito, Tooru; Sumiya, Akio; Kawamata, Hiroyuki; Nagakura, Tomohiro*; Nakanishi, Chika; Hirayama, Yusuke; Yamamoto, Kazuya; Sato, Sohei; Sumiya, Akihiro; Kawakami, Takeshi; Kikuchi, Masayuki; Aoki, Kazufumi; Nakamura, Koichi; Matsusaka, Masaru
JAEA-Review 2013-046, 2014/02
JAEA-Review-2013-046.pdf (11.18MB)
When a nuclear emergency occurs in Japan, the Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) has the responsibility of providing technical support to the National government, local governments, police, fire stations and nuclear operators etc., because the JAEA has been designated as the Designated Public Institution under the Basic Act on Disaster Control Measures and the Act on Response to Armed Attack Situations, etc.. The Nuclear Emergency Assistance and Training Center (NEAT) of JAEA provides a comprehensive range of technical support activities to an Off-Site Center in case of a nuclear emergency. Specifically, NEAT gives technical advice and information, dispatches specialists as required, and supplies the National Government and local governments with emergency equipments and materials. NEAT provides various exercise and training courses concerning nuclear disaster prevention to those personnel taking an active part in emergency response organizations at normal times. The tasks of NEAT, with its past experiences as a designated public institution including the responses to TEPCO's Fukushima Accident, have been shifted to technical supports to the national government for strengthening its abilities to emergency responses; the NEAT therefore focused on maintenance and operation of its functions, and strengthening its response abilities in cooperation with the national government. This annual report summarized these activities of JAEA/NEAT in the fiscal year 2012.
Shuichi TSUDA, Tadayoshi YOSHIDA, Yukio NAKAHARA, Tetsuro SATO, Akiyuki SEKI, Norihiro MATSUDA, Masaki ANDO, Hiroshi TAKEMIYA, Minoru TANIGAKI, Koichi TAKAMIYA, Nobuhiro SATO, Ryo OKUMURA, Yasuhiro KOBAYASHI, Hisao YOSHINAGA, Hirofumi YOSHINO, Yukio UCHIHORI, Masayori ISHIKAWA, Kazuki IWAOKA and Kimiaki SAITO
JAEA-Technology 2013-037, 2013/10
JAEA-Technology-2013-037.pdf (4.94MB)
Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) has been performing air dose rate mapping after the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident using a car-borne survey system KURAMA-II, in response to a commission from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology. The Kyoto University RAdiation MApping system (KURAMA) is a GPS-aided mobile radiation monitoring system that has been newly developed by the Kyoto University Research Reactor Institute (KURRI) in response to the nuclear disaster. The KURAMA system consists of an energy-compensated scintillation survey meter for measuring dose rates, an electric device for recording both the dose rates and the position data from a GPS module, a computer server for processing and analyzing data from KURAMA, and client PCs for providing end users with the data. The second generation of the KURAMA system, KURAMA-II, has been improved using smaller-packaging, increased durability, and automated data transmission. These improvements enable simultaneous monitoring using 100 KURAMA-II survey systems through collaboration between JAEA and local self-governing bodies such as Fukushima and surrounding prefectures. Consequently, dose rate mapping of a wide area in shorter period of time has become possible. This report describes the construction of KURAMA-II, its application and a suggested technique to manage a large number of KURAMA-II survey systems.
Nakanishi, Chika; Sato, Takeshi; Sato, Sohei; Nagai, Haruyasu; Kakefuda, Toyokazu; Katata, Genki; Tsuzuki, Katsunori; Ikeda, Takeshi; Okuno, Hiroshi; Yamamoto, Kazuya; et al.
JAEA-Technology 2013-030, 2013/10
JAEA-Technology-2013-030.pdf (29.0MB)
North Korea carried out the third nuclear test in February 2013. Due to the request of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), Nuclear Emergency Assistance and Training Center (NEAT) and Nuclear Science and Engineering Directorate (NSED) of JAEA predicted the atmospheric dispersion of radionuclide by WSPEEDI-II for the purpose of contributing to the environmental monitoring plan. From February 12 to 22, they provided daily reports on the prediction to the MEXT and the Ministry of Defense. MEXT has published these reports on the website. Since April 2012, NEAT and NSED had prepared to predict by the framework for the prediction around the clock during 10months until February 2013. This report described this experience and pointed issues out on this system.
Sato, Sohei; Yamamoto, Kazuya
JAEA-Review 2013-015, 2013/07
JAEA-Review-2013-015.pdf (14.79MB)
After the accident of TEPCO's Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Station occurred on March 11, 2011, actions for controlling the accident and protective actions for the residents like evacuation were taken. In parallel with this, it has been developed to reform the nuclear regulatory systems and the emergency preparedness and response systems in Japan. Especially the Nuclear Regulation Authority's Nuclear Emergency Preparedness and Response Guidelines were adopted with the introducing the basic concepts and the criteria on the basis of the IAEA's safety standards and differed greatly from the prior guidelines. Thus the arrangement of emergency response systems, resources and the operational procedures will be developed complying with according to the guidelines in municipalities around the nuclear power station sites. This work attempts to provide a plain explanation as possible for the regional officials and emergency workers about the basic concepts of the new guidelines.
Katagiri, Hiromi; Okuno, Hiroshi; Okamoto, Akiko; Ikeda, Takeshi; Tamura, Kenichi; Nagakura, Tomohiro; Nakanishi, Chika; Yamamoto, Kazuya; Abe, Minako; Sato, Sohei; et al.
JAEA-Review 2012-033, 2012/08
JAEA-Review-2012-033.pdf (6.38MB)
When a nuclear emergency occurs in Japan, JAEA has the responsibility of providing technical support to the National government, local governments, etc., by the Basic Law on Emergency Preparedness and the Basic Plan for Disaster Countermeasures. NEAT of JAEA gives technical advice and information, dispatch specialists as required, supplies with the National Government and local governments emergency equipment and materials. NEAT provides various lectures and training courses concerning nuclear disaster prevention for emergency response organizations at normal time. Concerning the assistance to the Accident of Fukushima No.1 Nuclear Power Station caused by the Great East Japan Earthquake on 11 March, 2011, JAEA assisted activities including environmental radiation monitoring, environmental radioactivity analyses, resident public consulting etc., with its the utmost effort. This annual report summarized these activities of NEAT in the fiscal year 2011.
Kawakami, Takeshi; Yamamoto, Kazuya; Fukumoto, Masahiro
JAEA-Technology 2011-042, 2012/03
JAEA-Technology-2011-042.pdf (3.17MB)
This work evaluated the dynamic traffic flow of evacuees' cars during the evacuation drill with family car conducted in the Ibaraki Prefecture Comprehensive Nuclear Disaster Exercise 2010. The opinion survey was also conducted to participants to get the data of choice of measures for evacuation. Consideration based on the survey of this drill revealed important outcomes as follows. (1) The evacuation routes should be chosen more than one per one residential district from the roads including low capacity road to ease traffic congestion and to secure substitute route. (2) Taking into account traffic control and guiding at the intersections on the evacuation routes by policemen and staffs is very important to make the vehicles of evacuees running smoothly. (3) Considering of the capacity and the gate size of the parking of reception center is very important to make the stream of vehicles smooth when Reception centers are chosen. (4) Considering of the effect from experiments of participants is important for the opinion surveys to get the choice of measures of evacuation. (5) The opinion surveys about evacuation from nuclear disaster should be done in the wide area including the outside of the evacuation zone.
Sato, Sohei; Yamamoto, Kazuya; Muto, Shigeo; Fukumoto, Masahiro; Katagiri, Hiromi
JAEA-Review 2011-049, 2012/01
JAEA-Review-2011-049.pdf (13.24MB)
The Tohoku District-off the Pacific Ocean Earthquake occurred at 14:46 on March 11, 2011. Tsunami caused by the earthquake attacked the Fukushima Dai-ichi and Fukushima Dai-ni Nuclear Power Stations of Tokyo Electric Power Company and nuclear accidents involving release of radioactive material occurred. Since the earthquake, Nuclear Emergency Assistance and Training Center (NEAT) has served as a base of support activities conducted by Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA). After nearly half a year has passed since the occurrence of the accident, we compiled the support activities of NEAT. NEAT's lessons learned and recommendations based on the experiences of support activities to the accident should be very helpful in considering the structure of nuclear emergency preparedness and response. We summarized them in this time. We hope that this report helps further developing nuclear emergency preparedness and response in the future.
Kawakami, Takeshi; Tasaki, Takashi
JAEA-Review 2011-028, 2011/12
JAEA-Review-2011-028.pdf (3.25MB)
The International Search and Consequence Management Workshop (ISCM-WS) that was organized by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) took place from May 17th to May 20th, 2010. The Aim of this Workshop is to build and enhance the global capacity to prevent and respond to nuclear and radiological emergencies, and it directly supports the aims of global initiative to combat nuclear terrorism. DOE brought together 92 officials from 26 countries and 3 officials from IAEA in this Workshop. DOE introduced two matters in USA, First is response against nuclear and radiological terrorisms and second is technology, systems, activity for consequence management. This review report summarized the observation in the ISCM-WS including activity of DOE/NNSA's Search Response Team and activity of consequence management.
Katagiri, Hiromi; Okuno, Hiroshi; Sawahata, Masayoshi; Ikeda, Takeshi; Sato, Sohei; Terakado, Naoya; Nagakura, Tomohiro; Nakanishi, Chika; Fukumoto, Masahiro; Yamamoto, Kazuya; et al.
JAEA-Review 2011-037, 2011/12
JAEA-Review-2011-037.pdf (4.52MB)
When a Nuclear emergency occurs, Nuclear Emergency Assistance & Training Center (NEAT) of JAEA gives technical advice and information, dispatch specialists as required, supplies emergency equipment and materials to the National Government and local governments. NEAT provides various lectures and training courses concerning nuclear disaster prevention for those personnel taking an active part in emergency response organizations at normal time. NEAT also researches on nuclear disaster prevention and cooperates with international organizations. Concerning about the assistance to the Accident of Fukushima No.1 Nuclear Power Station caused by the Great East Japan Earthquake at 11 March, 2011, JAEA assisted activities including environmental radiation monitoring, environmental radioactivity analyses, resident public consulting etc., with its full scale effort. NEAT served as the center of these supporting activities of JAEA.
Nakanishi, Chika; Sato, Sohei; Furuno, Akiko; Terada, Hiroaki; Nagai, Haruyasu; Muto, Shigeo
JAEA-Technology 2011-005, 2011/03
JAEA-Technology-2011-005.pdf (6.13MB)
Nuclear Emergency Assistance and Training Center (NEAT) has developed the response system to evaluate the radiological consequences of an accident on a nuclear power plant or nuclear weapons testing around Japan and to support prediction of radioactive material distributions by using an atmospheric dispersion model on the framework of the Response Assistance Network (RANET) which is established by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). For the enhancement of assistance capability to external organizations at a nuclear or radiological emergency, NEAT will introduce a computer-based emergency response system, "Worldwide version of System for Prediction of Environmental Emergency Dose Information: WSPEEDI 2nd version (WSPEEDI-II)" developed by Division of Environmental and Radiation Sciences. This manual covers the overview of the system and configuration parameters as the basic knowledge needed for operating the systems.
Kanamori, Masashi; Suto, Toshiyuki; Tanaka, Kenichi*; Takada, Jun*
JAEA-Technology 2011-004, 2011/03
JAEA-Technology-2011-004.pdf (0.97MB)
In the previous report "A Study on Dose Control for JCO Criticality Accident Termination" (JAEA-Technology 2009-043), we discussed how to control the dose received during the termination work of the criticality accident. In this paper, we focused on the difference of the way in which dose rate attenuates between within 100 m from the source point and beyond 100 m and discussed the validity of using log-log plotting/semi-log plotting of dose rate - distance relation in order to extrapolate the dose rate at work place near the criticality accident point. In addition, we studied on the effect of the number of dose rate measurement data to be used for extrapolation. We recommend that about 10 mSv which is a half of 20 mSv annual dose limit should be used as worker's dose control target for the high neutron dose field work to ensure enough safety margin considering the following three points; (1) annual dose limit for workers, (2) dose received before, (3) measurement error.
Kanamori, Masashi; Suto, Toshiyuki; Tanaka, Kenichi*; Takada, Jun*
JAEA-Technology 2010-042, 2011/01
JAEA-Technology-2010-042.pdf (0.94MB)
JAEA-Technology 2009-043 "A Study on dose control for JCO criticality accident termination", the dose we discuss how to manage termination of the criticality accident at work or (we refer as previously report) As a result, based on the measurements from around 40 m to 100 m, we made a re-evaluation of the dose. Reevaluated doses match with the degree of accuracy 60% to 80% compared with the respective individual dose. In this paper, we validate by these doses by using log-log plots and semi-log plots for the distance from the source approximately 100 m and further attenuation. As a result, if the field is under high doses of neutrons, dose constraint assessment should consider some points, by using 10 mSv, half of the annual limit 20 mSv, as dose reference, the work performed could safely be managed. And summaries the valid range of log-log plots for intense neutron dose estimation.
Kanamori, Masashi; Shirakawa, Yusuke; Yamashita, Toshiyuki; Okuno, Hiroshi;
Terunuma, Hiroshi; Ikeda, Takeshi; Sato, Sohei; Terakado, Naoya;
Nagakura, Tomohiro; Fukumoto, Masahiro; et al.
JAEA-Review 2010-037, 2010/09
JAEA-Review-2010-037.pdf (3.11MB)
When a nuclear emergency occurs in Japan, the Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) provides technical support to the National government, local governments, police, fire station and license holder etc. They are designated public organizations conforming to the basic law on emergency preparedness and the basic plan for disaster countermeasures. The Nuclear Emergency Assistance & Training Center (NEAT) of JAEA provides a comprehensive range of technical support activities to an off-site center in case of a nuclear emergency. Specifically, NEAT gives technical advice and information, provides for the dispatch of specialist as required, supplies emergency equipments and materials to the national government and municipal office. NEAT provide various lectures and training course concerning nuclear disaster prevention for those personnel taking an active part in emergency response organizations at normal time. And NEAT researches on nuclear disaster prevention and also cooperate with international organizations. This annual report summarized the activities of JAEA/NEAT in the fiscal year 2009.
Kanamori, Masashi; Suto, Toshiyuki; Tanaka, Kenichi*; Takada, Jun*
JAEA-Technology 2010-025, 2010/08
JAEA-Technology-2010-025.pdf (1.55MB)
Verification of dose control method for Tokaimura JCO criticality accident was performed. Personal dose estimation for Tokaimura criticality accident termination was performed based on measurements of neutron and $$gamma$$ ray doses taken before the work commenced, but the personal dose for the workers as a result of the termination work was found to be approximately 50 times higher than the previous estimation. For this report, we reevaluated doses based on the results of close range measurements from 40 meters to 100 meters, and the results were found to match personal doses with an accuracy of between 60-80%.
Kanamori, Masashi
JAEA-Technology 2009-079, 2010/07
JAEA-Technology-2009-079.pdf (3.97MB)
In 2001, we summarized the circumstances surrounding termination of the JCO criticality accident based on testimony in the Mito District Court on December 17, 2001. JCO was the company for uranium fuels production in Japan. That document was assembled based on actual testimony in the belief that a description of the work involved in termination of the accident would be useful in some way for preventing nuclear disasters in the future. This year is the tenth year of the JCO criticality accident. To mark this occasion we have decided to translate the record of what occurred at the accident site into English so that more people can draw lessons from this accident.
Kanamori, Masashi
JAEA-Technology 2009-073, 2010/03
JAEA-Technology-2009-073.pdf (2.26MB)
The JCO criticality accident occurred at about 10:35 A.M. on September 30, 1999 in Tokai-mura, Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan. This year (2009) is full 10 years from that truly unfortunate accident. I was then the manager of safety section of Japan Nuclear Cycle Development Institute (JNC) Tokai Works, and engaged in the operation of the criticality accident termination in JCO sites as an expert of the disaster prevention of national government. This report is summarized the circumstances surrounding termination of the JCO criticality accident based on testimony in the Mito District Court in 2001. Since then, comments have been received and I rewritten in this tenth year with my thought not to have to forget the accident. We hope that this report will be useful in some way in preventing nuclear disaster in the future.
Kanamori, Masashi; Tanaka, Kenichi*; Takada, Jun*
JAEA-Technology 2009-043, 2009/08
JAEA-Technology-2009-043(errata).pdf (0.04MB)
JAEA-Technology-2009-043.pdf (1.6MB)
At the time of the JCO criticality accident termination, dose estimation from the preliminary neutron and $$gamma$$ measurement, it was about around 50 times lower. The estimation might effect from the surrounding buildings. In this report, re-estimation based on the measurements at short distances from the criticality, around 40 m to 100 m, which are 20 mSv/h to 3 mSv/h was done. The re-estimated doses are correspond with the measured doses within 60-80% error. Dose estimation under the high radiation field, around 100 mSv, in order to decide the dose limit for the preliminary measurement, annual dose limit, other exposure possibility and measurement error have to be considered. From this point of view, the dose limit for the preliminary measurement itself considered to be 10 mSv, which is half of annual 20 mSv limit.
Kawakami, Takeshi; Yamamoto, Kazuya; Fukumoto, Masahiro
JAEA-Technology 2010-024, 2010/08
JAEA-Technology-2010-024.pdf (3.88MB)
"Drill of evacuation with family car", "Drill of evacuation for the disabled with family car", and "Evacuation drill from the large enclosure" had been conducted in the National Comprehensive Nuclear Disaster Exercise on December 21st and 22nd, 2009 in Ibaraki Prefecture. This work evaluated the dynamic traffic flow of evacuees' cars during the evacuation drill using three kinds of data, i.e. questionnaire for the participants in the evacuation drill, GPS tracking data of vehicles of evacuees, and photographies shot from the air and ground. The fluctuations of traffic volume influenced by traffic controls for the outside of evacuation zone was evaluated using the traffic volume data which were provided by Ibaraki prefecture. The opinion survey was also conducted to participants of evacuation drill for three purposes, to get the data of choice of measures for evacuation, to find out problems of evacuation for the disabled, to find out problems of evacuation from the large enclosure.
Kanamori,
Masashi; Hashimoto, Kazuichiro; Terunuma, Hiroshi; Ikeda, Takeshi;
Omura, Akiko; Terakado, Naoya; Nagakura, Tomohiro; Fukumoto, Masahiro;
Watanabe, Fumitaka; Yamamoto, Kazuya; et al.
JAEA-Review 2009-023, 2009/09
JAEA-Review-2009-023.pdf (8.49MB)
When a nuclear emergency occurs in Japan, the Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) provides technical support to the National government, local governments, police, fire station and license holder etc. They are Designated Public Organizations conforming to the Basic Law on Emergency Preparedness and the Basic Plan for Disaster Countermeasures. The Nuclear Emergency Assistance and Training Center (NEAT) of JAEA provides a comprehensive range of technical support activities to an Off-Site Center in case of a nuclear emergency. Specifically, NEAT gives technical advice and information, provides for the dispatch of specialist as required, supplies emergency equipments and materials to the Joint Council of Nuclear Disaster Countermeasures, which meets at the Off-Site Center. NEAT provide various lectures and training course concerning nuclear disaster prevention for those personnel taking an active part in emergency response organizations at normal time. And NEAT researches on nuclear disaster prevention and also cooperate with international organizations. This annual report summarized the activities of JAEA/NEAT in the fiscal year 2008.
Yamamoto, Kazuya
JAEA-Technology 2008-089, 2009/03
JAEA-Technology-2008-089.pdf (1.64MB)
The first "evacuation drill with family car" in Japan had been conducted by the Ibaraki Prefecture in the Ibaraki Prefecture Comprehensive Nuclear Disaster Prevention Exercise on September 30, 2008. In this work, dynamic traffic flow of vehicles of evacuees was analyzed using three kinds of data, that is, questionnaires for the participants of the evacuation drill, GPS tracking data of vehicles of evacuees, and an aerial video record by the Police of Ibaraki Prefecture. An opinion poll was also conducted to the participants of the evacuation drill to gain insight into how the residents respond in evacuation with their own cars in a nuclear disaster.
Yamamoto, Kazuya; Sumiya, Akihiro
JAEA-Review 2008-065, 2009/02
JAEA-Review-2008-065.pdf (8.46MB)
The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) carried out a large-scale international emergency response exercise under the designated name of ConvEx-3(2008), accompanying the national exercise of Mexico in July 2008. This review report summarizes two simultaneous observations of the exercises in Mexico and the IAEA headquarter during ConvEx-3(2008).
Nuclear Emergency Assistance and Training Center
JAEA-Review 2008-058, 2008/12
JAEA-Review-2008-058.pdf (34.72MB)
When a nuclear emergency occurs in Japan, JAEA provides technical support to the National government, local governments, police, fire station and license holder etc. They are Designated Public Organizations conforming to the Basic Law on Emergency Preparedness and the Basic Plan for Disaster Countermeasures. The Nuclear Emergency Assistance & Training Center (NEAT) of JAEA provides a comprehensive range of technical support activities to an off-site center in case of a nuclear emergency. Specifically, NEAT gives technical advice and information, provides for the dispatch of specialist as required, supplies emergency equipments and materials to the Joint Council of Nuclear Disaster Countermeasures, which meets at the off-site center. This annual report summarized the activities of JAEA/NEAT in the fiscal year 2006 and 2007.
Yamamoto, Kazuya
JAEA-Review 2008-027, 2008/06
JAEA-Review-2008-027.pdf (0.82MB)
Reflex action phase introduced in France is a prompt sheltering in place is requested in the case of accidents liable to cause radioactive release within a short period. Subsequent evacuation is conducted after the passage of the radioactive plume. Pre-distribution of stable iodine tablets to the populations living in this area is a condition for this. Evacuees is transported to public reception centers by buses in France. The public reception center is selected from facilities where are outside of 10km radius from the plant. According to examples of evacuation time estimation (ETE) report in U.S., ETE have to be conduct for conditions, season, day of week, time of day, weather, and large events. It is very important for ETE to consider a portion of the population outside the impacted region will elect to voluntary evacuate. Traffic simulation technology development for large network of main and small roads is very important in Japan.
Watanabe, Fumitaka; Yamamoto, Kazuya; Sajiki, Kenjiro; Yasu, Sadanori*; Igarashi, Miyuki*
JAEA-Technology 2008-025, 2008/03
JAEA-Technology-2008-025.pdf (2.71MB)
The larger the scale of an accident, the more closely cooperation is needed between concerned parties for appropriate and timely response, especially if they are located apart from each other. The past nuclear accidents revealed that they failed to share important information with each other and such a situation caused unnecessary confusion in public information. Based on lessons learned from accidents, JAEA developed the Emergency Information Clearinghouse (ECHO). Information is fed into a secured server from each PC. Unified information on the server can be chronologically listed through a web browser. This web-based system enables separately located parties to share proper information in a timely manner and minimize the load of managing a great deal of information. The ECHO has been in operation 24/7 on a network for nuclear emergency response and connects nationwide 22 off-site centers, and several authorities concerned. The system has been used during for training and drills.
Yamamoto, Kazuya
JAEA-Review 2007-035, 2007/10
JAEA-Review-2007-035.pdf (6.6MB)
The International Atomic Energy Agency has introduced new concept of precautionary action zone (PAZ) in preparedness and response for nuclear emergency. Open literature based research was made to reveal problems on evacuation planning and the preparedness for nuclear emergencies arising from introduce of PAZ in Japan. The principal issue is implementation of evacuation of precautionary decided area within several hours. Evacuation planning for a nuclear emergency and the methods of advance public education and information in the U.S. are effective for even prompt evacuation to the outside of the EPZ. As concerns evacuation planning in Japan, several important issues to be considered were found, that is, the location and the unique correspondence of the public reception centers, public information of detailed evacuation plan in advance, and necessity of evacuation time estimates.
Yamamoto, Kazuya
JAEA-Review 2007-021, 2007/05
JAEA-Review-2007-021.pdf (9.99MB)
The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) carried out a large-scale international emergency response exercise in 2005 under the designated name of ConvEx-3(2005), at Romania. This review report summarizes a study about ConvEx-3(2005) based on several related open literature. The study on the preparation, conduct and evaluation of ConvEx-3(2005) exercise is expected to provide very useful knowledge for development of drills and educational programs conducted by Nuclear Emergency Assistance and Training Center (NEAT). Especially, study on the exercise evaluations is instrumental in improving evaluations of drills planned by the national government and local governments. The lessons learned from this study of ConvEx-3(2005) are summarized in four chapters; methodology of exercises and educational programs, exercise evaluation process, amendments/verification of the emergency response plan of NEAT, and technical issues of systems for emergency response and assistance of NEAT relevant to interface for international emergency communication.
